lacking in self-confidence

In addition, the thesis analyzes Salinger and Holden's superficial realization of the spirit of Zen Buddhism, such as their misunderstanding of beings' equality, unawareness of the essence of realities, and lacking in self-discipline.

本文还分析了塞林格和霍尔顿在《守望者》中对佛教禅宗思想理解的不彻底所引起的局限性，如未能认识众生平等及现实事件的本质、缺乏持戒（自律）的毅力等。

He found her' bubbly, giggly, but not in a vacuous way, and lacking in self-confidence."

他觉得戴安娜“活泼、喜欢格格地笑，但不是空洞的那种笑，不是很自信”。

That is, they were more prone to being duplicitous and self-serving, cold-hearted and lacking in empathy, vain and selfish, and more likely to derive pleasure from other people's pain.

也就是说，他们更加狡黠、以自我为中心、冷酷、缺乏同情心、自负又自私，喜欢将自己的快乐建立在他人的痛苦之上。